#HistoryOf1400s 2/2

1400 years of Muslims Khilafat, Empire, Dynasty History.

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1063: Sultan Alp Arslan became ruler of Seljuk Empire. He defeated Roman Emperor Romanos in 1071, captured lands upto Anatolia(Most of present day Turkey), reached upto Roman Empire Capital Constantinople(Present day Istanbul Turkey).
Alp Arslan achieved ranks of Shahadat in 1072 
1072: Malik Shah, son of Alp Arslan became ruler of Seljuk Empire, He faced rivals for the throne. He remained Sultan upto 1092. He remained busy in fighting with domestic rivals & establishment of order in Caucasus(Captured Turkey region). His demise lead to weakening of Seljuks. Wars between princes & rupture of order began. Which lead to creations of several independent states.

Governor of Mosul "Kerbogha" declared Mosul as Independent state.
Sons of Tutus I, Ridwaan & Duqaq declared Aleppo & Damascus as independent respectively.
This huge decline, domestic clashes & clashes with Fatmid Khilafat of Egypt provided a sweet opportunity to Crusaders.

1096: Crusaders March reached to Constantinople
1097: Fall of Anatolia
1098: Fall of Antioch (Present day Antakya) there was huge blood bath in the whole population of city.
Kerbogha along with other Emirs of independent states were defeated in a face to face with Crusaders.
1099: Fall of Jerusalem & huge bloodshed of city population happened.

Zengid Dynasty 1127 to 1250 (123years)
~Founder Immad uddin Zangi
~Well known ruler, Noor uddin Zangi
Noor uddin Zangi recaptured the city of Edessa in 1144 which lead to rise to 2nd crusaders.
Due to rise of 2nd crusaders from Pope of Europe Fatmid Khilafat felt its threat and they requested for help to Noor Uddin zangi. Noor uddin Zangi sent Army under command of SherKoh who was uncle of Salahuddin.
Salahuddin with his uncle Sherkoh remained busy in clashes with Crusaders.
In 1169 Sherkoh died & Fatmid Khalifa al-adid appointed Salahuddin as Vazier of Khilafat due to his successful campaign against crusaders.
In 1171 after the death of al-adid, Sultan Salahuddin abolished Fatmid Khilafat of Egypt & realigned the state with Khilafat of Baghdad.

Ayyubid Dynasty 1174 to 1260
~Sultan Salahuddin Ayyubi 
Re-Conquest of Jerusalem 1187 after 88years of Crusaders control 

 Rise of Mongols & Internal differences has weakened Seljuk Empire.
In 1258 Mongols completely destroyed Capital of Abbasid Khilafat Baghdad. Libraries were burnt, Books were thrown in rivers. Minarets of Humans heads were made by tyrant Mongols.

Turkic Mamluk's Dynasty of Egypt 1250 to 1517.
~Sultan Ruknuddin Baybars (Fatih of Battle Ain Jalut 1260, First ever potential defeat to Mongols)
Ottoman Empire Khilafat 1299 to 1920 (621 years) 
~Key ruler was Sultan Muhammad Fatih 1451 to 1481
Conquered Constantinople in 1453 which was Capital of Roman Byzentine Empire.
The Army and its commander is glorified in Islamic books who would conquer Constantinople (Present day Istanbul Turkey) 
Key Rulers were Aurangzeb Alamgir 

Islamic Republic of Pakistan  😋 🇵🇰️😍😍

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